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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00285_Field_285.txt
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1996-12-31
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In the earliest experiments
using techniques of this kind,
psychologists found that
infants preferred to look at
some colors more than others,
from which it was inferred,
reasonably enough, that
infants can perceive colors. But
Robert Fantz realized that the
same technique could be used
to study form perception in
infants. If infants could indeed
discriminate among forms, and
if they preferred to look at one
pattern more than at another,
then they would spend more
time gazing at that pattern. The
results of this kind of research
on human infants can be
summarized as follows: In the
first month of life, infants
show no preference for one
simple geometrical shape, such
as a circle or a cross, over
another. But they do spend
more time looking at a complex
pattern (such as a
checkerboard) than at a simple
one (such as an outline square).
They prefer to look at drawings
of the human face rather than
at drawings of the same overall
shape and size, but they show
the same preference for face
configurations in which the
features are so thoroughly
scrambled that one must
wonder if the figures have any
quality at all that makes them
facelike. After the first month,
and increasingly so with
advancing age, infants show a
preference for a normal as
opposed to a scrambled face and
for some simple shapes over
others.
To ascertain with greater
precision exactly what region
within a figure an infant is
looking at, more sophisticated
devices for recording eye
movement and position have
been used. With one such
apparatus, Philip Salapatek and
his associates at Yale
University were able to show
that newborn infants, in
looking at a triangle, tended to
direct their gaze at its vertices.
Further research suggests that
infants tend to seek out areas of
the greatest change or
discontinuity.